Sunscreen Ingredients: What to Use & What to Avoid
Haily Fritts
Idaho College of Osteopathic Medicine, OMS II
Dr. Karen Nern’s Expert Guide
When choosing a sunscreen, the list of ingredients on the back of the bottle can be overwhelming! With so many options, it’s important to know which ingredients provide the best protection and which ones to avoid. In this article, board-certified dermatologist, dermatologic surgeon, and Medical Director of The Sun Bus, Dr. Karen Nern, MD, MBA, FAAD, breaks down the essentials to help you choose the best sunscreen for yourself and your loved ones!
Best Sunscreen Ingredients for Broad-Spectrum Protection
1. Zinc Oxide and Titanium Dioxide
Dr. Nern recommends looking for sunscreens that contain zinc oxide and titanium dioxide - two mineral-based (physical) sunscreen ingredients known for their broad-spectrum UV protection.1,2 Unlike chemical sunscreens, these minerals create a physical barrier that reflects UV rays away from the skin.
✔ Why They’re Great:
● Provide broad-spectrum protection against both UVA and UVB rays
● Ideal for sensitive skin (gentle and non-irritating)
● Reef-safe and environmentally friendly
● Offer immediate protection upon application (no wait time needed)
2. Avobenzone
If you’re looking for a chemical sunscreen, avobenzone is one of the few FDA-approved ingredients that provides broad-spectrum protection.3 It’s particularly effective against UVA rays, which penetrate deep into the skin and contribute to premature aging and skin cancer.
✔ Why It’s a Good Option:
● Absorbs UVA rays efficiently
● Often found in combination sunscreens to enhance protection
● A good alternative for those who prefer lightweight, non-mineral formulas
Sunscreen Ingredients to Avoid
While some ingredients provide effective sun protection, others can cause irritation or allergic reactions.
1. Oxybenzone
Dr. Nern advises against oxybenzone, as it may cause irritation or allergic reactions.4
🚫Why You Should Avoid It:
● Common cause of sunscreen allergies (can trigger rashes and irritation)
Oxybenzone is frequently found in chemical sunscreens, but given its potential risks, it’s best to opt for safer alternatives like zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, or avobenzone-based formulas.
Other Tips for Choosing a Sunscreen
● SPF Matters: Choose a sunscreen with at least SPF 30 for daily use and SPF 50+ for extended outdoor activities.
● Water Resistance: If you’ll be swimming or sweating, opt for a water-resistant formula.
● Check the Labels: Look for sunscreens labeled “broad spectrum” to ensure they protect against both UVA and UVB rays!
● Avoid Fragrances and Harsh Additives: These can be irritating, especially for sensitive skin.
Dr. Nern’s go-to Sunscreen Products
● For beach or water sports: EltaMD UV Sport Broad-Spectrum SPF 50+
● For daily use and acne-prone skin: EltaMD UV Clear Broad-Spectrum SPF 46
● For a silky texture and to replace makeup: Epionce Daily Shield Tinted SPF 50
Choosing the right sunscreen is one of the most important steps you can take to protect your skin from sun damage, premature aging, and even skin cancer. With so many options on the market, it’s important to know which ingredients offer the best protection without compromising your skin’s health. Dr. Nern’s expert guidance highlights the importance of choosing safe and effective ingredients like zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, and avobenzone—which provide broad-spectrum coverage while being gentle on skin. By making informed choices, you can confidently enjoy time outdoors while keeping your skin healthy, radiant, and well-protected.
1. Zinc oxide technology and superior UVA protection. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, Volume 76, Issue 6, AB284
http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.68886
2. Photostability of sunscreen combinations containing avobenzone exposed to natural and artificial ultraviolet light. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, Volume 64, Issue 2, AB30
3. Comparison of photostability of broad-spectrum sunscreen products containing avobenzone. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, Volume 56, Issue 2, AB166
4. Heurung AR, Raju SI, Warshaw EM. Adverse reactions to sunscreen agents: epidemiology, responsible irritants and allergens, clinical characteristics, and management. Dermatitis. 2014 Nov-Dec;25(6):289-326. doi:
10.1097/DER.0000000000000079. PMID: 25384223.
